Thomaset2000's Room

C1004 HTML Term 3 2007 Project - Part 3, Documentation part 3 final

January 27th, 2009

18 comments

V.3 Test Log

Test Case	Test Result
1	Successful
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Chapter VI - User Guide

VI.1 Hardware & Software Specification

Processor : Minimum Intel Pentium III or better

Operating System : Windows XP or better

Hard Drive : Minimum 10 GB

Memory : Minimum 128MB SDRAM/DDR

Software : Mozilla Firefox 2.00 or better

Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or better

Screen Display : color monitor which support resolution more than 1024 x 768

CD-ROM Drive

Keyboard

Mouse with scroll button

User should have an internet access.

VI.2 Getting Started

1) Insert CD into CD-ROM or CD-RW Drive.

2) Open “My Computer”

3) Open the CD file (”018800004137″).

4) Open folder “Thomas’s project”

5) Open folder “project”

6) Open the file “mainpage.html”(you have to enable JavaScript in your browser)

If you don’t have any browser, try to install the Mozilla Firefox 2.0.0.9 that come with this CD

1) Insert CD into CD-ROM or CD-RW Drive.

2) Open “My Computer”

3) Open the CD file (”018800004137″).

4) Open folder “Thomas’s project”

5) Open folder “Install firefox”

6) Open the file “Firefox setup 2.0.0.9″

7) Follow the installation wizard

VI.3 Operating Guide

This section will explain about how the user navigate through this website like what will happen if the user click on a link in the website.

In this website, there are four part that always appear in all the web pages. They are the page header at the top of the page, page footer at the bottom of the page, the page search box at the right side of the page, and the quick links box. Because these four part always appear in every page, so I will explain the operating guide for these parts first:

a. Page Header

a.1.click on the “main” to go to mainpage.html page

a.2.click on the “programs” to go to programs.html page

a.3.click on the “TOEFL sample” to go to toeflsample.html page

a.4.click on the “promotion” to go to promotion.html page

a.5.click on the “Locations” to go to locations.html page

a.6.click on the “About Us” to go to aboutus.html page

a.7.click on the “TOEFL sample” to go to toeflsample.html page

a.8.click on the “Contact Us” to go to contactus.htmlpage

a.9.click on the “FAQ” to go to faq.html page

b. Page Footer

b.1. click on the “main” to go to mainpage.html page

b.2. click on the “programs” to go to programs.html page

b.3. click on the “TOEFL sample” to go to toeflsample.html page

b.4. click on the “promotion” to go to promotion.html page

b.5. click on the “Locations” to go to locations.html page

b.6. click on the “About Us” to go to aboutus.html page

b.7. click on the “TOEFL sample” to go to toeflsample.html page

b.8. click on the “Contact Us” to go to contactus.htmlpage

b.9. click on the “FAQ” to go to faq.html page

b.10. click on the “Sitemap” to go to sitemap.html page

c. Page Search box (at the right side of the page)

c.1. type a keyword in the internal search text box to search in this website

c.2. click on the “search” button to search for the keyword you have entered

c.3. type a keyword in the external search to search in the web

c.4. click on the “Alta Vista” picture to search using Alta Vista

c.5. click on the “Yahoo” picture to search using Yahoo

c.6. click on the “excite” picture to search using excite

c.7. click on the “Infoseek” picture to search using Infoseek

c.8. click on the “Lycos” picture to search using Lycos

c.9. click on the “Hot Bot” picture to search using Hot Bot

c.10. click on the “Magellan” picture to search using Magellan

c.11. click on the “Open text” picture to search using Open text

c.12. click on the “Web Crawler” picture to search using Web Crawler

c.13. click on the “Informatics” picture to go to its website

c.14. click on the “ETS TOEFL” picture to go to its website

c.15. click on the “SingTel” picture to go to its website

c.16. click on the “SBS Transit” picture to go to its website

d. Quick Links box

d.1. click on the “main” to go to mainpage.html page

d.2. click on the “TOEFL sample” to go to toeflsample.html page

d.3. click on the “promotion” to go to promotion.html page

d.4. click on the “programs” to go to programs.html page

Here is the operating guide for each web page:

VI.3.1 mainpage.html

VI.3.1.1 Click on the “course programs” to go to programs.html

VI.3.1.2 Click on the “FAQ” to go to faq.html

VI.3.1.3 Click on the “Contact us” to go to contactus.html

VI.3.1.4 Click on the “About Us” to go to aboutus.html’

VI.3.1.5 Click on the “INVITE & REWARDED” to go to promotion.html

VI.3.1.6 Click on the “TOEFL sample” to go to toeflsample.html

VI.3.1.7 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.1.8 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.1.9 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.1.10 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.1.11 In the quick links box’s bottom, you can choose a page then click “go” to go to the corresponding page

VI.3.2 programs.html

VI.3.2.1 Click on the “Students program” to go to programs_students.html

VI.3.2.2 Click on the “Adult and Executive program” to go to programs_adultandexecutive.html

VI.3.2.3 Click on the “Corporate program” to go to programs_corporate.html

VI.3.2.4 Click on the “Private class program” to go to programs_private.html

VI.3.2.5 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.2.6 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.2.7 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.2.8 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.2.9 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.3 programs_students.html

VI.3.3.1 Click on the “promotion” to go to promotion.html

VI.3.3.2 Click on the “locations” to go to locations.html

VI.3.3.3 Click on the “contact us” to go to contactus.html

VI.3.3.4 Click on the “freign@educate.com” to send e-mail

VI.3.3.5 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.3.6 Click on the “programs” to go to programs.html

VI.3.3.7 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.3.8 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.3.9 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.3.10 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.4 programs_adultandexecutive.html

VI.3.4.1 Click on the “promotion” to go to promotion.html

VI.3.4.2 Click on the “locations” to go to locations.html

VI.3.4.3 Click on the “contact us” to go to contactus.html

VI.3.4.4 Click on the “freign@educate.com” to send e-mail

VI.3.4.5 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.4.6 Click on the “programs” to go to programs.html

VI.3.4.7 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.4.8 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.4.9 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.4.10 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.5 programs_corporate.html

VI.3.5.1 Click on the “promotion” to go to promotion.html

VI.3.5.2 Click on the “locations” to go to locations.html

VI.3.5.3 Click on the “contact us” to go to contactus.html

VI.3.5.4 Click on the “freign@educate.com” to send e-mail

VI.3.5.5 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.5.6 Click on the “programs” to go to programs.html

VI.3.5.7 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.5.8 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.5.9 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.5.10 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.6 programs_private.html

VI.3.6.1 Click on the “promotion” to go to promotion.html

VI.3.6.2 Click on the “locations” to go to locations.html

VI.3.6.3 Click on the “contact us” to go to contactus.html

VI.3.6.4 Click on the “freign@educate.com” to send e-mail

VI.3.6.5 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.6.6 Click on the “programs” to go to programs.html

VI.3.6.7 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.6.8 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.6.9 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.6.10 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.7 toeflsample.html

VI.3.7.1 Click on the “locations” to go to locations.html

VI.3.7.2 Click on a radio button beside the answer choice to give your answer for each question

VI.3.7.3 Click on the “get score” button to get your score

VI.3.7.4 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.7.5 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.7.6 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.7.7 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.7.8 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.8 promotion.html

VI.3.8.1 Click on the “Private class” to go to programs_private.html

VI.3.8.2 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.8.3 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.8.4 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.8.5 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.8.6 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.9 locations.html

VI.3.9.1 Click on the “Singapore” to go to locations_singapore.html

VI.3.9.2 Click on the “Indonesia” to go to locations_indonesia.html

VI.3.9.3 Click on the “Malaysia” to go to locations_malaysia.html

VI.3.9.4 Click on the “Vietnam” to go to locations_vietnam.html

VI.3.9.5 Click on the “China” to go to locations_china.html

VI.3.9.6 Click on the “Myanmar” to go to locations_myanmar.html

VI.3.9.7 Click on the “Thailand” to go to locations_thailand.html

VI.3.9.8 Click on the “India” to go to locations_india.html

VI.3.9.9 Click on the “Brunei” to go to locations_brunei.html

VI.3.9.10 Click on the “Philippines” to go to locations_philippines.html

VI.3.9.11 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.9.12 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.9.13 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.9.14 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.9.15 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.10 locations_singapore.html

VI.3.10.1 Click on a branch’s e-mail address to send e-mail

VI.3.10.2 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.10.3 Click on the “locations” to go to locations.html

VI.3.10.4 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.10.5 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.10.6 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.10.7 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.11 locations_indonesia.html

VI.3.11.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.12 locations_malaysia.html

VI.3.12.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.13 locations_vietnam.html

VI.3.13.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.14 locations_china.html

VI.3.14.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.15 locations_myanmar.html

VI.3.15.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.16 locations_thailand.html

VI.3.16.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.17 locations_india.html

VI.3.17.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.18 locations_brunei.html

VI.3.18.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.19 locations_philippines.html

VI.3.19.1 All pages under locations.html uses the same navigation, refer to locations_singapore.html explanation

VI.3.20 aboutus.html

VI.3.20.1 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.20.2 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.20.3 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.20.4 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.20.5 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.21 Contactus.html

VI.3.21.1 Click on the “freign@educate.com” to send e-mail

VI.3.21.2 Click on the “locations” to go to locations.html

VI.3.21.3 To fill the form, do the following steps

VI.3.21.4 Enter your name in name field

VI.3.21.5 Enter e-mail address in e-mail address field

VI.3.21.6 Re-enter your e-mail address in the confirm e-mail field

VI.3.21.7 Enter your question in the question field

VI.3.21.8 If you want to reset, just click the “clear form” button

VI.3.21.9 Click “send your question” button after completing the form

VI.3.21.10 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.21.11 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.21.12 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.21.13 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.21.14 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.22 questionsuccess.html

VI.3.22.1 This page will appear if you successfully submitted the contact us page’s form

VI.3.22.2 Click on the “back to main page” button to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.22.3 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.22.4 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.22.5 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.22.6 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.23 faq.html

VI.3.23.1 Click on the “contact us” button to go to contactus.html

VI.3.23.2 Click on a question from the question list to go to that question’s answer

VI.3.23.3 Click on the “^back to question list^” to go back to question list

VI.3.23.4 Click on the “Main” to go to mainpage.html

VI.3.23.5 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.23.6 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.23.7 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.23.8 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.24 sitemap.html

VI.3.24.1 Click on a link to go to the corresponding page

VI.3.24.2 The page header uses same function as explained above

VI.3.24.3 The page footer uses same function as explained above

VI.3.24.4 The page search box uses same function as explained above

VI.3.24.5 The page quick links box uses same function as explained above

Chapter VII - Program Conclusion

VII.1 Program Strengths

This website will help the company to reduce it’s advertising cost in the 10 countries which the company operates on, because once this website is published in the Internet, customer from all over the world can access and view it as long as they have Internet connection.

Furthermore, this website will help the company to advertise about its course programs choice, its promotion program, its branch addresses in the 10 countries, give the answer of frequently asked questions, allows people to send questions to the company, and also introduce people to the TOEFL test by giving a sample of TOEFL questions in the website. All of this will attract more customer to join the company’s TOEFL preparation course.

The last strength of this website is that it can help the company to overcome the competition with other companies which operates in similar business. So, this website will be very useful for the company. VII.2 Program Weakness

The weakness of this website is that it do not have any online registration feature and also an existing company’s course student cannot login to enjoy more service from this website.

VII.3 Program Enhancement

Some enhancement that we can do to this website is to add an online registration service and also make a membership area which can give special service to the existing course student by letting them to login to the website. Additionally, a news room maybe can be added to the website which can be updated regularly with the latest information from the company.

REFERENCES

http://javaboutique.internet.com/DS_ClockWipe/

http://www.planetsourcecode.com/

http://www.emse.fr/~yukna/ENG/lessons/toefl40a.htm

http://www.graduateshotline.com/sampletoefl.html

http://www.javascriptkit.com/java/java5.shtml

http://www.ibdprince.com/java.shtml

http://www.javafile.com/

http://www.cubancouncil.com/friendster/

The images of country flags are downloaded from

http://www.flags.net/

The images of branch offices and the images in the main page are downloaded from

http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx

Book Reference

Sun Microsystems, Inc, 1999, Java Script Programming, Sun Educational Services

Sun Microsystems, Inc, 1999, Basic Web Publishing, Sun Educational Services

Windra Swastika, 2006, Resep CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), Jakarta: Dian Rakyat

admin Education, IDIC, Informatics C1004, HTML, HTML Project, IDIC, Informatics

C1004 HTML Term 3 2007 Project - Part 3, Documentation part 2

January 27th, 2009

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II.3 Processing Specifications:

This section will explain the processing activities in the website’s forms. There are 3 forms in this website, contact us form, TOEFL sample form, and internal website search function. The processing and validation process in each form will be explained here.

II.3.1 Contact us form:

This form is used for the user to send a question to the company. There are 3 fields in this form, name, e-mail, confirm e-mail, and question field. Additionally, there are 2 buttons in this form that is submit button and reset button. The user entry in this form will be validated and upon successful form entry, user will be redirected to questionsuccess.html after he/she clicked the submit button. Here are the explanation of the validation process for each form’s field.

II.3.1.1 Name field

If user doesn’t make any input to the name field and press the submit button, following alert box will appear:

Alert box screenshot

II.3.1.2 E-mail field

After the name field, e-mail field will be checked. If the user leave it empty or give invalid e-mail address, following alert box will appear:

Alert box screenshot

II.3.1.2 Confirm e-mail field

The purpose of this field is to make sure that user entered his/her e-mail address correctly. So, the content of this field must be exactly the same with e-mail field’s content. If the user entered different value, following alert box will appear:

Alert box screenshot

II.3.1.3 Question field

This is the field to contain the user’s question. If the user leave this field empty, following alert box will appear:

Alert box screenshot

II.3.1.3 Clear form button

The “clear form” button is placed beside the form’s submit button. This button’s function is for the user to reset the form by clearing all the field’s value. After user click on this button, following alert box will appear:

Alert box screenshot

II.3.2 TOEFL Sample form

This form contain 40 sample of TOEFL questions. Each question has 4 choices of answer, and user can give his/her answer by clicking at the radio button beside an answer choice. After answering the questions, user can click the “get score” button below the last question (40^th question) to get the result about how many question he/she answered correctly, how many mistake that he/she make, his/her score, and also a comment.

The score is calculated from the number of correct answers multiplied by two. So the maximum possible score is 40 x 2 = 80, and the minimum score is 0 x 2 = 0. While, the comment which appear below the score is categorized by some range of score.

Below is the list of comment that may appear according to user’s score:

Score Range	Comment
0	You really need help with your English Skill
1 - 10	You have a poor English skill. You need to study harder. Join us! We make you better!
11 - 20	You showed a little skill, but that is not enough for TOEFL. Join us! We make you better!
21 - 40	You manage to answer some question, good. But that is not enough for TOEFL. Join us! We make you better!
41 - 60	Good job! But that is not enough for TOEFL. Join us! We make you better!
61 - 79	Very good! join our course and we make you far better!
80	PERFECT! But how you do in real TOEFL test? Join us! we will show you!

And here is the answer key for all the questions in this page:

no.	answer	no.	answer	no.	answer	no.	answer
1	A	11	D	21	A	31	A
2	C	12	B	22	C	32	B
3	A	13	D	23	A	33	C
4	C	14	A	24	B	34	B
5	D	15	D	25	A	35	C
6	B	16	B	26	C	36	B
7	D	17	B	27	D	37	D
8	A	18	C	28	B	38	A
9	D	19	C	29	A	39	B
10	A	20	D	30	A	40	A

II.3.2 Internal Website Search form

This form is made for the website user to search something inside this website according to a keyword that the user entered.

After user entered a keyword and clicked the “search” button, the JavaScript function will search for the entered keyword whether it match with a keyword from the keyword list or not, and then a small window will pop up.

If user entered a keyword that is not in the list, this pop up window will appear:

If user entered a keyword that match a keyword in the JavaScript code, this pop up window will appear: (for example: user inputed keyword “program”)

There are 74 keyword that can be searched in this internal website search function:

no.	keyword	no.	keyword
1	about us	41	malaysia
2	address	42	myanmar
3	adult	43	office address
4	ask	44	office addresses
5	branch	45	offices
6	branch address	46	paper based toefl
7	branch addresses	47	pbt
8	branches	48	philippines
9	brunei	49	private
10	camera	50	prize
11	cbt	51	profile
12	china	52	program
13	company profile	53	program feature
14	computer based toefl	54	program features
15	contact	55	programs
16	contact us	56	promotion
17	corporate	57	question
18	discount	58	questions
19	employee	59	sample
20	example	60	singapore
21	exclusive	61	sitemap
22	executive	62	student
23	facility	63	students
24	faq	64	term and condition
25	feature	65	test
26	features	66	thailand
27	f-reign educate	67	toefl
28	home	68	toefl question
29	how	69	toefl sample
30	ibt	70	toefl test
31	india	71	vacancy
32	indonesia	72	vietnam
33	internet based toefl	73	what is
34	invite and rewarded	74	who
35	job
36	job vacancy
37	location
38	locations
39	main
40	main page

Chapter III - Program Design

III.1 Structure Chart:

Chapter IV - Program Listing

Copy and paste your source code here.

Chapter V - Program Testing

V.1 Test Plan

Test No.	Test Description	Action
1	To test that main page appear when we open “mainpage.html”	Open mainpage.html
2	To test that “programs” page appear when we click on the link “program”	Click on “program”
3	To test that “students program” page appear when we click on the link “students program” from “programs” page	Click on “students program”
4	To test that “adult and executive program” page appear when we click on the link “adult and executive program” from “programs” page	Click on “adult and executive program”
5	To test that “corporate program” page appear when we click on the link “corporate program” from “programs” page	Click on “corporate program”
6	To test that “private class program” page appear when we click on the link “private class program” from “programs” page	Click on “private class program”
7	To test that “TOEFL sample” page appear when we click on the link “TOEFL sample”	Click on “TOEFL sample”
8	To test that “promotion” page appear when we click on the link “promotion”	Click on “promotion”
9	To test that “locations” page appear when we click on the link “locations”	Click on “locations”
10	To test that “Singapore” page appear when we click on the link “Singapore” from “locations” page	Click on “Singapore”
11	To test that “Indonesia” page appear when we click on the link “Indonesia” from “locations” page	Click on “Indonesia”
12	To test that “Malaysia” page appear when we click on the link “Malaysia” from “locations” page	Click on “Malaysia”
13	To test that “Vietnam” page appear when we click on the link “Vietnam” from “locations” page	Click on “Vietnam”
14	To test that “China” page appear when we click on the link “China” from “locations” page	Click on “China”
15	To test that “Myanmar” page appear when we click on the link “Myanmar” from “locations” page	Click on “Myanmar”
16	To test that “Thailand” page appear when we click on the link “Thailand” from “locations” page	Click on “Thailand”
17	To test that “India” page appear when we click on the link “India” from “locations” page	Click on “India”
18	To test that “Brunei” page appear when we click on the link “Brunei” from “locations” page	Click on “Brunei”
19	To test that “Philippines” page appear when we click on the link “Philippines” from “locations” page	Click on “Philippines”
20	To test that “about us” page appear when we click on the link “about us”	Click on “about us”
21	To test that “contact us” page appear when we click on the link “contact us”	Click on “contact us”
22	To test that “FAQ” page appear when we click on the link “FAQ”	Click on “FAQ”
23	To test that “sitemap” page appear when we click on the link “sitemap”	Click on “sitemap”
24	To test that name error message appear when user leave name field empty and click “submit” button in the “contact us” page	Click on “send your question”
25	To test that e-mail error message appear when user leave e-mail field empty or entered invalid e-mail address, and then click “submit” button in the “contact us” page	Click on “send your question”
26	To test that confirm e-mail error message appear when user leave confirm e-mail field empty or entered different e-mail address with the e-mail field value, and then click “submit” button in the “contact us” page	Click on “send your question”
27	To test that question error message appear when user leave question field empty and click “submit” button in the “contact us” page	Click on “send your question”
28	To test that alert box appear when user reset the form by clicking on “clear form” button in the “contact us” page	Click on “clear form”
29	To test that “questionsuccess.html” appear when user successfully completed the form and click “submit” button in the “contact us” page	Click on “send your question”
30	To test that e-mail client software appear when user click on the company’s e-mail address	Click on e-mail address
31	To test that a small window appear without any link when we type something or leave the search box empty and then click on the “search” button	Click on “search”
32	To test that a small window appear with link when we type a keyword (for example: TOEFL) and then click on the “search” button	Click on “search”
33	To test that the small window closed after the user click on the “close” button on the small window	Click on “close”
34	To test that the TOEFL sample form display the score = 0 and display the comment for 0 score if we leave all the answer blank or make a totally wrong answers and then click on “get score” button	Click on “get score”
35	To test that the TOEFL sample form display the score = 4 and display the comment for score range 1 until 10 if we make just 2 correct answer and then click on “get score” button	Click on “get score”
36	To test that the TOEFL sample form display the score = 12 and display the comment for score range 11 until 20 if we make just 6 correct answer and then click on “get score” button	Click on “get score”
37	To test that the TOEFL sample form display the score = 22 and display the comment for score range 21 until 40 if we make just 11 correct answer and then click on “get score” button	Click on “get score”
38	To test that the TOEFL sample form display the score = 44 and display the comment for score range 41 until 60 if we make just 22 correct answer and then click on “get score” button	Click on “get score”
39	To test that the TOEFL sample form display the score = 64 and display the comment for score range 61 until 79 if we make just 32 correct answer and then click on “get score” button	Click on “get score”
40	To test that the TOEFL sample form display the score = 80 and display the comment for 80 score if we answered all the question correctly and then click on “get score” button	Click on “get score”

V.2 Test Case & Test Result

Test case	1
Objectives	To test that main page appear when we open “mainpage.html”
Test action	Open mainpage.html
Expected result	Main page opened
Actual result	As shown below
Conclusion	Successful

Before

Screenshot before the test executed

After

Screenshot after the test action executed

Do this for each test case.

to be continued….

admin Education, IDIC, Informatics C1004, HTML, HTML Project, IDIC, Informatics

C1004 HTML Term 3 2007 Project - Part 3, Documentation part 1

January 27th, 2009

167 comments

Hi again! This is the last part of the C1004 Module post series, this post contain the documentation part which is the last item that need to be submitted along with the completed website files. The actual documentation of my project consist of 287 pages that would be too much if I post it all here, so I will delete the graphics, screenshots, and program listing part (contain the source codes which is a lot :p).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter	Sections	Description	Page
		Cover page	1
		Table of Contents	2
I		PROBLEM SPECIFICATION
	I.1	Company Profile	3
	I.2	Current System	4
	I.3	Problem Background	4
	I.4	Program Objectives	5
	I.5	Program Cost	6
	I.6	Program Screen Design	7
II		PROGRAM SPECIFICATION
	II.1	File Specification	8
	II.2	Input & Output Specification	13
	II.3	Processing Specification	60
III		PROGRAM DESIGN
	III.1	Structure Chart	65
IV		PROGRAM LISTING	66
V		PROGRAM TESTING
	V.1	Test Plan	230
	V.2	Test Case & Result	233
	V.3	Test Log	273
VI		USER GUIDE
	VI.1	Hardware & Software Specification	274
	VI.2	Getting Started	275
	VI.3	Operating Guide	276
VII		PROGRAM CONCLUSION
	VII.1	Program Strengths	285
	VII.2	Program Weakness	286
	VII.3	Program Enhancement	286
		REFERENCE	287

Chapter I - Problem Specification

I.1 Company Profile

F-REIGN EDUCATE is a company which was founded in 1995 in Singapore. Its business is providing TOEFL preparation course and also provide a place to hold a TOEFL test. So, its customer is people who want and need to have TOEFL certification such as students, office staffs, and also professionals.

Starting from just a small company in 1995, F-REIGN EDUCATE now has expanded its small size and become a multinational company. It has opened its TOEFL preparation course centre in 10 countries including Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, China, Myanmar, Thailand, India, Brunei, and Philippines. Furthermore, it has become one of well known and trusted company which provide TOEFL preparation course in these countries and has help thousands people to get satisfying TOEFL score.

F-REIGN EDUCATE makes its way to a well known company which provide TOEFL preparation course just in few years because of its effective education program. It uses personal approach to give each individual a lesson which is suitable for his/her current English skill level. So, in this personal approach method, every person will take a pre-test before they start the course to measure his/her English skill, and then the result of this test will be used to decide which course program that he/she need to take, so they get the right lesson level in the course. This personal approach method has made F-REIGN EDUCATE become one of favorite choices for people who want to prepare themselves before taking a TOEFL course or people who want to improve their TOEFL score. Beside that, F-REIGN EDUCATE also offers various packets of course program which make it the most flexible course that provides its customer with rich choice of course program.

I.2 Current System

Currently, F-REIGN EDUCATE doesn’t have its own website. To overcome the competition with another company who run similar business, this company do all its advertising and publication of its TOEFL preparation course using local mass communication media such as local newspaper and radio stations. As the company have branches in 10 countries (Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, China, Myanmar, Thailand, India, Brunei, and Philippines), it has to advertise in newspapers and radio stations in these 10 countries. Additionally, the advertisement is not so effective because the advertisement content is limited. The company can’t list and describe all of its course programs and also its promotion program in one advertisement. So, the company will make some separated advertisement, one for promotion program, one for its “Students” program, one for its “Private Class” program, etc. Another limitation of the current advertisement is that it can’t effectively introduce the company’s personal approach method which gives all new students a pre-test to find out their initial English skill and also introduce them to TOEFL test questions.

I.3 Problem Background

Nowadays, TOEFL is used in both working and also education environment. Many company and also universities often require someone who wants to join the company or the university to have a certain TOEFL score. This condition makes more people need to have high TOEFL score, and then they started to search for TOEFL preparation courses, means that there is an increasing number of potential customer for F-REIGN EDUCATE. Beside that, this condition also results in increasing number of other newly opened TOEFL preparation course, which means that now the F-REIGN EDUCATE has more competitors.

Now, tighter competition among these similar companies is unavoidable. To overcome these problems, the company needs to increase its publication to make it the most popular name among the other companies which provide similar course. It makes F-REIGN EDUCATE forced to make more frequent and various publication such as advertisements in local newspaper and radio stations, in order to survive the competition. Of course, this make the company needs to spend more money to pay the publication costs. The problem become worse because F-REIGN EDUCATE has branches in 10 countries, so it has to pay the newspaper and radio advertisement costs in all 10 countries.

The F-REIGN EDUCATE management team needs a solution to solve this publication problem. They need a publication media that is simple and accessible for people in all these 10 countries where the company operates. So, they decided that the company needs to have a website. This website must be able to introduce people with all kind of course program provided by the company, enable people to send questions to the company, and also demonstrating the company’s personal approach by giving a little example of TOEFL test in the website which allow the user to try the sample questions.

I.4 Program Objectives

The F-REIGN EDUCATE has requested me to design the company’s website. The website will have information about the company, promotion program, course programs, company’s branch offices in 10 countries, FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), sample of TOEFL questions, form to ask a question to the company, and also internal website search feature.

Information about each kind of course program will be found under programs page. The company’s promotion program will be found in promotion page. To provide the website user with complete information about the company’s branch offices address in 10 countries, the detail address about each branch office will be found under locations page which organized by the country.

Beside the FAQ page that gives answers for frequently asked questions, the website provides a form for the user to send a question to the company. Additionally, the website user can enjoy taking sample of TOEFL questions and also get their score and a comment about how good they do the sample questions.

Users will find it easy to navigate through the website as all pages will be just two or three clicks away from the main page. Each page will have a link back to the main page and also a link to the page above it to ensure that the website user will never get lost while browsing through the pages. Furthermore, each page will have an internal search function to help users find a topic that they want.

I.5 Program Cost

ü Standard Corporate Website

o 24 web pages

o 70 images and photos

o More than 20 internal links

o Up to 13 external links

o Cost: S$ 2,500.00

ü Maintenance

o Monthly update

o Cost: S$ 300.00

ü Additional Cost

o Add new pages: S$100/page

o Add picture/photo: S$20/picture

o Add new link: S$10/link

Note: All the price above is inclusive of 7% GST

I.5 Program Screen Design

screen-design

Chapter II - Program Specifications

II.1 File Specifications:

1) mainpage.html

This is the main page. This page contain a short description about the company, a brief description about the company’s current promotion program, a description about the site’s TOEFL sample, and a list of all pages in form of selection form. Because this is the main page, so it has the most links than the other pages in this website.

2) programs.html

This page has links to each kind of course programs. When we click at the “programs” link in the header or the footer, this page will be loaded.

3) programs_students.html

This page contains the information about the course’s “Students” program. User can view a detailed description about this program in this page.

4) programs_adultandexecutive.html

This page contains the information about the course’s “Adult and Executive” program. User can view a detailed description about this program in this page.

5) programs_corporate.html

This page contains the information about the course’s “Corporate” program. User can view a detailed description about this program in this page.

6) programs_private.html

This page contains the information about the course’s “Private Class” program. User can view a detailed description about this program in this page.

7) promotion.html

This page has detailed information about the company’s current promotion program. User can view the promotion program’s prize and also its terms and condition.

toeflsample.html

This page has some sample of TOEFL test questions with multiple choices of answer for each question. User can do the questions, get their score and get a comment.

9) locations.html

This page has a list of 10 countries where the company has its branch offices. Each list item is in the form of a link. User can click the link to go to the corresponding page.

10) locations_singapore.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in Singapore with detailed contact information for each branch office.

11) locations_indonesia.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in Indonesia with detailed contact information for each branch office.

12) locations_malaysia.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in Malaysia with detailed contact information for each branch office.

13) locations_vietnam.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in Vietnam with detailed contact information for each branch office.

14) locations_china.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in China with detailed contact information for each branch office.

15) locations_myanmar.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in Myanmar with detailed contact information for each branch office.

16) locations_thailand.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in Thailand with detailed contact information for each branch office.

17) locations_india.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in India with detailed contact information for each branch office.

18) locations_brunei.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in Brunei with detailed contact information for each branch office.

19) locations_philippines.html

This page contains information about the address of the company’s branch offices in Philippines with detailed contact information for each branch office.

20) aboutus.html

This page contains a description about the F-REIGN EDUCATE. User can read about the company and also the company’s vision and mission.

21) contactus.html

This page has a form for the user to send a question to the company. User just needs to enter his/her name, e-mail address, and his/her question.

22) questionsuccess.html

This page will be loaded after user has successfully sent a question to the company using the “contact us” page. This page also has a button to go back to the main page.

23) faq.html

This page contains list of frequently asked questions and also its answer. User can try to find the answer of his/her question here.

24) sitemap.html

This page has links to all pages in the website. User can use this page to find out what kind of pages are there in this website.

25) pstyle.css

This file contains all CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) codes which is used in all the web pages in this website.

26) searchfunc.JAVASCRIPT

This file contains the JavaScript code for the internal search function that we can found in all the web pages in this website. This file also contains all kind of keywords that we can use in the search function. This JavaScript code is originally downloaded from http://www.javafile.com/sitesearch/search3.php

27) screw2.class

This is a Java Applet file used to show picture animation in the main page. This Applet is downloaded from http://www.appletcollection.com/screw.html

28) ticker1.class

This is a Java Applet file used to show moving text with changing colors in each web page in this website. This Applet is downloaded from

http://www.javascriptkit.com/java/java5.shtml

29) Wave. Class

This is a Java Applet file used to show random animation picture with red and black colors in each web page in this website. This Applet is downloaded from http://www.javafile.com/applets/fx/psycho/psycho.zip

30) lighthouse.jar

This is a Java Applet file used to make an external search function in the website with some options of search engine. This applet used in each web page in this website, placed below the website’s internal search function. This Applet is downloaded from

http://www.javafile.com/websearch/lhjava/lhjava.php

II.2 Input & Output Specifications:

In this section, for each page, give a diagram like this

II.2.1 mainpage.html

io-spec

repeat for each page, i will skip this part because it consumes a lot of space. to be continued in next post….

admin Education, IDIC, Informatics C1004, HTML, HTML Project, IDIC, Informatics

C1004 HTML Term 3 2007 Project - Part 2, Proposal

January 27th, 2009

1 comment

This is the second part of C1004 posts, here is my old project proposal

PROJECT PROPOSAL

C1004-WEB PUBLISHING

WITH HTML & JAVASCRIPT

“F-REIGN EDUCATE”

Student Name : Thomas Setiabudi

Student ID : 018800004137

Lecturer Name : Ms. Shamini

Proposal submission date : October 26, 2007

Table of Content

Content									Page
Cover Page			_________________________________________						1
Table of Content				____________________________________					2
Company Introduction						________________________________			3
Problem Background					_________________________________				3
Solution	___________________________________________								4
Objectives			_________________________________________						5
Website’s Structural Design							___________________________		6
Outline Design								__________________	7
Software and Hardware Configuration								__________________	11
Comment		__________________________________________							11

I. Company Introduction

Starting from just a small company in 1995, F-REIGN EDUCATE now has expanded its small size and become a multinational company. It has opened its TOEFL preparation course centre in 10 countries including Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, China, Myanmar, Thailand, India, and Philippines. Furthermore, it has become one of well known and trusted company which provide TOEFL preparation course in these countries and has help thousands people to get satisfying TOEFL score.

II. Problem Background

Nowadays, TOEFL has used in both working and also education environment. Many company and also universities often require someone who wants to join the company or the university to have a certain TOEFL score. This condition makes more people need to have high TOEFL score, and then they started to search for TOEFL preparation courses, means that there is an increasing number of potential customer for F-REIGN EDUCATE. Beside that, this condition also results in increasing number of other newly opened TOEFL preparation course, which means that now the F-REIGN EDUCATE has more competitors.

Now, tighter competition among these similar companies is unavoidable. To overcome these problems, the company needs to increase its publication to make it the most popular name among the other companies which provide similar course. It makes F-REIGN EDUCATE forced to make more frequent and various publication such as advertisements in local newspaper and radio stations, in order to survive the competition. Of course, this make the company needs to spent more money to pay the publication costs. The problem become worse because F-REIGN EDUCATE has branches in 10 countries, so it has to pay the newspaper and radio advertisement costs in all 10 countries.

III. Solutions

The solution’s objectives are:

Ø To provide efficient publication about the company’s TOEFL preparation course.

Ø To overcome the competition by introducing the company’s personal approach method to the public

Ø To avoid high publication cost

Ø To increase the number of the company’s customer

Ø To make the public have a better knowledge about the company’s services

Ø To increase the company’s efficiency and productivity

IV. Objectives

1. The company can easily give information to the customer about every kind of services/course programs offered by the company.

2. Reduce the company’s advertising costs. After the use of the website, the company can reduce the frequency of making advertisements in newspaper or radio, which mean lower advertisement expense for the company.

3. Winning the company’s competition with the other similar company by introducing the company’s personal approach method, this is done by allowing any people to try a little example of TOEFL test in the company’s website and also give them the score which will make them more interested in the company’s course.

4. Make any customer easier to contact the company’s branch in any country by giving a detail address of each branch’s location in the 10 countries, also allow customers to send any question to the company through the website.

5. Raise the company’s profit by getting more new customers.

V. Website’s Structural Design

structure

VI. Outline Design

a) “Main” Page

main-page

b) “About Us” Page

about-us

c) “TOEFL Sample” Page

toefl-sample

d) “Ask Us” Page

contact-us

e) “Course Programs” Page

course-programs

f) “Program 1″ Page

program

g) “Find us” Page

find-us

h) “Sitemap” Page

sitemap

VII. Software & Hardware Configuration

The F-REIGN EDUCATE Website is build with HTML, Java Script code, and Java Applet using Microsoft Notepad.

a. Software Configuration

The F-REIGN EDUCATE website will run properly using a computer that at least equipped with:

ü Minimum Windows 95/98 Operating System

ü A Web Browser is installed in the computer

ü Recommended browser: Mozilla Firefox 1.0 or Mozilla Firefox 2.0

ü Also can be used with following browser :

Ø Internet Explorer 5.0

b. Hardware Configuration

A computer with at least these specifications can run the F-REIGN EDUCATE website:

ü Pentium 166 MHz MMX processor, Pentium III preferred

ü Color monitor

ü Keyboard

ü Mouse with scroll button

VII. Comments

__________________________________________________________________

Lecturer Signature:

____________________________

admin Education, IDIC, Informatics C1004, HTML, HTML Project, IDIC, Informatics, Proposal

C1004 HTML Term 3 2007 Project - Part 1, Introduction

January 27th, 2009

No comments

This is the fourth IDIC (International Diploma in Computing) Module that I take during term 3 2007 in Informatics Computer School Singapore. It is a bit different compared to the first three modules that I posted before (C1025, C1004, and C1006). Because this module doesn’t come in form of assignment and test but only one project.

Basically, our project in this module is to create a website using HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and Javascript. The javascript part is more important because your website codes will need to consist of 70% javascript and 30% HTML codes.

There are three things that you will need to submit to complete this module:

Project Proposal
The Finished Website
Final Project Documentation

First of all, you will need to submit the project proposal, it will tell about what website are you going to make, for what company (fictional), and for what purpose. Keep in mind that this project will mainly focus on marking the forms in your website related with the input validation function. To get a good mark you will need to have around two to four forms in your website with its own validation functions. Keep in mind that the number of forms you have in the website does not equal with the mark (more form doesn’t mean more mark), two or three forms with proper validation function should be enough for you to get an A.

The idea about what website you are going to make should help you to put some forms in the website, do not choose a website that is hard for you to put forms such as company profile website. Here are some ideas for your project:

Make a website that allows you to put forms such as travel agency website, on line shop, etc.
Forms can be form to ask question, place order, buy items, search form, survey, polling, etc (keep it reasonable)
You can use Java applets to enhance your website and i encourage you to do so
Consider the boundary of your project, a small finished project is better than big but unfinished project.
Apart from javascript and HTML, you may use CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) as well

The last tips is Self Study! Yes you will need to do a lot of self study about how to use Javascript and HTML, don’t rely on what the lecturer teach you in the class because it is very slow and you may end up not having enough time to finish your project. So do your own research and self study, books and Internet are there for you to learn. Any Questions or comments?

The next part I will post my project proposal when I do this module last 2007.

admin Education, IDIC, Informatics C1004, HTML, HTML Project, IDIC, Informatics

C1003 Mathematics for Computing Term 3 2007 Assignment

January 26th, 2009

2 comments

Hi! This is my third post about my International Diploma in Computing assignment. Now I going to post about my C1003 Mathematics for Computing module. I do this module in Term 3 2007 (August - December 2007).

So, lets begin..!!

SECTION A

a) Perform the following base conversions, showing all workings.

i) 3345 Hexadecimal to Denary

3		3		4		5
X		X		X		X
16³		16²		16¹		16⁰
1228	+	768	+	64	+	5	=	13125

3345_{16 =}13125₁₀

ii) 5714 Octal to Hexadecimal

First step: Octal to Binary

5	7	1	4
▼	▼	▼	▼
101	111	001	100

5714₈ = 1011 1100 1100₂

Second step: Binary to Hexadecimal

1011	1100	1100
▼	▼	▼
B	C	C

1011 1100 1100₂ = BCC₁₆

5714₈ = BCC₁₆

iii) 5971 Denary to Binary

2	5971
2	2985				►	1
2	1492				►	1
2		746			►	0
2		373			►	0
2		186			►	1
2			93		►	0
2			46		►	1
2			23		►	0
2			11		►	1
2				5	►	1
2				2	►	1
				1	►	0

5971₁₀ = 1 0111 0101 0011₂

b) Evaluate F9D ₁₆ + 56A ₁₆, showing your working.

	1	1
	F	9	D
	5 ₊	6 ₊	A ₊
	21	16	23
	16 ₊	16 _-	16 ₊
1	5	0	7

F9D₁₆ + 56A ₁₆ = 1507₁₆

For each of the following statement, select one correct answer from those given.

a) A(n) truncation error occurs when the least significant digits from a number are discarded.

i) overflow

ii) truncation

iii) transposition

b) Errors that exist by themselves in the measurement scale is known as inherent errors.

i) inherent

ii) induced

iii) propagation

c) Absolute error is the difference between the true value and the reported value.

i) absolute

ii) relative

iii) transcription

d) Error bound is the difference between the minimum and maximum possible reported value.

i) absolute error

ii) induced error

iii) error bound

A3 State which word from the list below would be most suitable in the place of each of the letters (a) to (f) in the text. (You may, if you wish, use a word more than once, but you do not have to use them all.)

Truncation	Iteration	Serial	overflow
Sequential	Unconditional	Offset	data transmission
Conditional	Direct	Base	data transfer
Arithmetic	Indexed	control transfer	indirect

(a)Direct addressing gives the address of the operand to be used, whereas (b)indirect addressing is where the instruction word gives the address of the address of the operand. Besides, the two addressing techniques, another kind of addressing techniques is known as (c)Indexed addressing. There are several types of machine instruction, which include (d)Arithmetic, string and (e)control transfer. In addition, (f)data transfer instructions move data and addresses between registers and memory locations or I/O ports.

A4 An 8 bit register stores numbers in binary form. Using the following bit patterns:

A = 11010110 B = 10011010

Write your answer as bit patterns:

i) a4i1

X = A’.B

A	B	A’	A’. B
1	1	0	0
1	0	0	0
0	0	1	0
1	1	0	0
0	1	1	1
1	0	0	0
1	1	0	0
0	0	1	0

X = A’.B= 00001000

ii)

a4i2

X = A’.B’

A	B	A’	B’	A’.B’
1	1	0	0	0
1	0	0	1	0
0	0	1	1	1
1	1	0	0	0
0	1	1	0	0
1	0	0	1	0
1	1	0	0	0
0	0	1	1	1

X = A’.B’ = 00100001

iii)

a4i3

X = A + B’

A	B	B’	A + B’
1	1	0	1
1	0	1	1
0	0	1	1
1	1	0	1
0	1	0	0
1	0	1	1
1	1	0	1
0	0	1	1

X = A + B’ = 11110111

Suppose that the universal set U is given by

U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g} and that the sets P and Q are defined by

P = {a, c, e}, Q = {b, c, d, e}.

a) Calculate :

i) n(P Ç Q)

P = {a, c, e}, Q = {b, c, d, e}, U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}

P Ç Q = {c, e}

n(P Ç Q) = 2

ii) n(P’ È Q)

P = {a, c, e}, Q = {b, c, d, e}, U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}

P’= {b, d, f, g}

P’ È Q = {b, c, d, e, f, g}

n(P’ È Q) = 6

b) List the elements of the following sets :

i) (P È Q)’

P = {a, c, e}, Q = {b, c, d, e}, U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}

P È Q = {a, b, c, d, e}

(P È Q)’ = {f, g}

ii) P’ Ç Q

P = {a, c, e}, Q = {b, c, d, e}, U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}

P’= {b, d, f, g}

P’ Ç Q = {b, d}

Suppose that numbers are to be held in an 8-bit computer using two’s complement form.

a) Show how -56 would be evaluated by the computer.

i) Convert -56 to binary

-56 = - 0111000

ii) Insert it to 8-bit register

00111000

▼

11000111

00000001₊

11001000

So, -56 will be stored as 11001000

b) Convert 10011010 to denary from stored using the above format.

10011010

00000001_-

10011001

▼

01100110

0		1		1		0		0		1		1		0
X		X		X		X		X		X		X		X
2⁷		2⁶		2⁵		2⁴		2³		2²		2¹		2⁰
0	+	64	+	32	+	0	+	0	+	4	+	2	+	0	=	102

So, the original number is -102₁₀

SECTION B

Answer ALL questions in this section.

a) A binary tree is represented in a computer by the following table:

Node	Content	Left Pointer	Right Pointer
1	Heather	2	3
2	Coriander	5	-1
3	Olive	4	6
4	Magnolia	-1	-1
5	Clytia	7	-1
6	Rosette	-1	8
7	Blossom	-1	-1
8	Suzette	-1	-1

i) Draw a binary tree which this table represents.

b1ai1

ii) Construct a table to show the back and trace pointer, to represent the binary tree below.

b1ai2

Node	Content	Back Pointer	Trace Pointer
1	Guava	-1	6
2	Blue berry	1	4
3	Watermelon	1	-1
4	Citrus	2	1
5	Avocado	2	2
6	Pear	3	7
7	Rumbutan	6	3

b) From the tree in part(a)(ii) above, state the order in which the nodes would be visited if they were traversed in :

i) Preorder

Guava(1), Blue berry(2), Avocado(5), Citrus(4), Watermelon(3), Pear(6), Rumbutan(7)

ii) Inorder

Avocado(5), Blue berry(2), Citrus(4), Guava(1), Pear(6), Rumbutan(7), Watermelon(3)

iii) Postorder

Avocado(5), Citrus(4), Blue berry(2), Rumbutan(7), Pear(6), Watermelon(3), Guava(1)

c) Briefly explain the difference between a stack and a queue.

The basic difference between stack and queue is:

Ø Stack : Use LIFO (Last In First Out). So, the first item enter the stack will be the last item to exit the stack.

Ø Queue : Use FIFO (First In First Out). So, the first item enter the queue will be the first item to exit the queue.

d) Explain the term binary tree.

Binary tree (T) is a finite set of elements called nodes. It contains a distinguished node (R ) called as the root of T. The other nodes will form the left and the right subtrees of the root.

e) Suppose that a computer stores numbers in an 8-bit register using two’s complement form. How would the computer evaluate 33 - 45? Give your answer in binary form.

i) Convert each 33 and - 45 to binary, and then store it in 8-bit register using two’s complement form

*) 33:

2	33
2	16		►	1
2	8		►	0
2		4	►	0
2		2	►	0
2		1	►	0

33 = 100001

Stored in 8-bit register = 00100001

*)- 45:

2	45
2	22		►	1
2	11		►	0
2		5	►	1
2		2	►	1
2		1	►	0

- 45 = - 101101

Stored in 8-bit register = - 00101101

▼

11010010

00000001₊

11010011

ii) Add together

00100001

11010011₊

11110100

So, 33₁₀ - 45₁₀ will be evaluated as 11110100₂

a) Lucy likes singing. She sings Chinese(A), English(B) and Japanese(C) songs. Write Boolean expressions to represent the following statements:

i) She sings Chinese and English songs, or she does not sing Chinese and Japanese songs.

X = A.B + (A.B)’

ii) She sings English or Japanese songs, but not Chinese songs.

X = (B+C).A’

iii) It is not true that she sings Chinese but not Japanese songs.

X = (A.C’)’

b) Suppose that X = (A.(A.B)’)’ and Y =(B.(A.B)’)’.

i) Produce two separate truth tables to represent X and Y respectively.

for X:

A	B	A.B	(A.B)’	A.(A.B)’	X = (A.(A.B)’)’
0	0	0	1	0	1
0	1	0	1	0	1
1	0	0	1	1	0
1	1	1	0	0	1

for Y:

A	B	A.B	(A.B)’	B.((A.B)’)	Y =(B.(A.B)’)’
0	0	0	1	0	1
0	1	0	1	1	0
1	0	0	1	0	1
1	1	1	0	0	1

ii) Draw a logic circuit diagram to represent (X.Y)’ with inputs A and B.

b2bi2

c) Simplify the following expression

A’.B.C + A.B’.C’ + A.B.C’ + A’.B.C’ + A’.B’.C’

= A’.B.C + (A. C’).(B’+ B) + (A’.C’).(B’+ B)

= A’.B.C + (A. C’).( 1 ) + (A’.C’).( 1 )

= A’.B.C + C’.(A + A’)

= A’.B.C + C’

d) John has 5 red discs and 4 white discs in a bag. He takes 2 discs at random from the bag one after the other, and are not replaced. Expressing your answer as fractions, find the probability that

i) the first disc is red and the second is white.

5/9 * 4/8 = 20/72 = 5/18

ii) the two discs have different colours.

5/9 * 4/8 = 20/72 = 5/18

4/9 * 5/8 = 20/72 = 5/18 So, 5/18 + 5/18 = 10/18 = 5/9

iii) the second disc chosen is white.

5/9 * 4/8 = 20/72 = 5/18 or 4/9 * 3/8 = 12/72 = 3/18

So, 5/18 + 3/18 = 8/18 = 4/9

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C1025 SQL Term 3 2007 Assignment - part 3 Final

January 26th, 2009

17 comments

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D. Tuples

In relational database system, we also call rows as tuples. So each row or tuple formed a record for an object. Look at the sample from a part of member table below

Member
MemberID	FirstName	LastName	Gender	DateOfBirth	Phone	e-mail
1001	Ryu	Ben	M	10-Mar-84	6597740710	ryub@hotmail.com
1002	Lou	Gandalf	M	12-May-81	6597720520	gadalou@yahoo.com
1003	Tana	Armstrong	F	05-Dec-83	6281325590188	cutie@yahoo.com
1004	Anthony	Bardack	M	09-Aug-74	6587409230	bardo98@gmail.com
1005	Richard	Leonheart	M	05-May-70	6596836283	leon@yahoo.com
1006	Melissa	Ciu	F	01-Oct-80	6583729238	meliciu@yahoo.com
1007	Gerween	Boween	F	16-Nov-69	6587353626	puccy2@yahoo.com

The highlighted row shows a record for the object that is member with ID 1002, from that tuple/row we can see the information for that object, like the member ID is 1002, his first name is Lou, his last name is Gandalf, his gender is male (M), he was born on May 12, 1981, his phone number is 6597720520, and his e-mail is gandalou@yahoo.com. Beside that, each tuple/row should have a primary key column that function as unique identifier for each record and make sure that there is no duplicate record because the primary key column can’t has a duplicate value.

Although in the Member Table above the member ID is ordered from 1001 to 1007, actually the order of the tuples/rows is not significant. We can store tuples/rows in without an order because it is an unordered set.

E. Relational Database

A relational database use relations/tables to store its data. The used table is in the form of two dimensional table, it consist of columns that has the data type, rows that store records of objects, and field or table’s cell that contain single value.

The advantages of relational database are we can access and reassemble the data without having to reorganize the tables and it’s easy to extend the database because we can add another table even after the original database has been created. This relational database concept was invented by E. F. Codd at IBM in 1970. (SearchSQLServer.com Definitions, 2006)

According to the Informatics C1025 Study Guide (2006), there are three components of relational database, they are:

1. Collections of objects or relations that store the data.

2. A set of operators that can act on the relations to produce other relations.

3. Data integrity for accuracy and consistency.

A RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) is software that we can use to make, access, or manipulate a relational database. Example of the RDBMS is like Oracle, DB2, SQL Server, MySQL, Ms. Access, etc.

In a relational database system, we can use query to create, manipulate, control, or retrieve data according to what we need. We produce query by using SQL (Structured Query Language). So, if we issue a SQL command to the RDBMS, the RDBMS will send it to the database, and then the result will be showed to us.

As explained before, one advantage of using the relational database is the easy access to the database data, we can retrieve data according to what we need by issuing a SQL command without having to reorganize the data in the table. For example, assume that we want to retrieve some data from the library database (Library.mdb). The columns that we want to retrieve are BorrowID, FirstName, Title, and BorrowDate for borrowing events that occur between February and March 2007. We know that the BorrowID and BorrowDate column is in the Borrow Table, the FirstName column is in the Member Table, and Title Column is in the Book Info Table. They are data in separate tables, but we can retrieve these data without having to reorganize the tables in the database, because we are using relational database system and we can use SQL command to make such query to retrieve these data. Now, what we need to do to retrieve the data that we need is write this SQL command on the RDBMS:

SELECT Borrow.BorrowID, Member.FirstName, [Book Info].Title, Borrow.BorrowDate
FROM Borrow, Member, Book, [Book Info]
WHERE Borrow.MemberID = Member.MemberID
AND Borrow.BookID = Book.BookID
AND Book.TitleID = [Book Info].TitleID
AND BorrowDate BETWEEN #01-Feb-07# AND #31-Mar-07#;
and we will get this result:

Query1
BorrowID	FirstName	Title	BorrowDate
B0004	Ryu	Chicken Soup for the Soul: Living Your Dreams	14-Feb-07
B0005	Richard	Wheels on the Bus	27-Feb-07
B0006	Rose	Marketing Research	18-Mar-07
B0007	Link	World War II for Beginners	25-Mar-07

The query result is a table with all information that we need, it got the BorrowID column, FirstName column, Title column, and BorrowDate column for the borrowing events that occur between February and March 2007. And the good news is that we don’t have to make any modification to the database’s tables at all. So that is the example of how the relational database gives us advantage of easier data access and reassembling of the data without having to reorganize the database’s tables.

F. Primary Keys

Primary key is an attribute/column in a table that contains unique value as an identifier for each row in the table. It can be formed by one column or combination of columns. The primary key column can’t contain duplicate data and cannot be null (no value), because the database use the primary key to distinct each row in the table, so every value in the primary key column must be unique.

Databasedev.co.uk suggests that there are two main function of primary key:

Uniquely identifies the rows in the tables.

As the primary key store unique value for every rows in the table, so it can be used to identifies the rows.

Provide ability to make relationships between tables in the database.

By the mean of primary key and foreign key, we can make relationship between the tables in a database. A primary key value in a table can appear as foreign key value in another table and make the two logically have a relationship.

For example of the use of primary key, look at the Member Table below:

Member
MemberID	FirstName	LastName	Gender	DateOfBirth	Phone	e-mail
1001	Ryu	Ben	M	10-Mar-84	6597740710	ryub@hotmail.com
1002	Lou	Gandalf	M	12-May-81	6597720520	gadalou@yahoo.com
1003	Tana	Armstrong	F	05-Dec-83	6281325590188	cutie@yahoo.com
1004	Anthony	Bardack	M	09-Aug-74	6587409230	bardo98@gmail.com
1005	Richard	Leonheart	M	05-May-70	6596836283	leon@yahoo.com
1006	Melissa	Ciu	F	01-Oct-80	6583729238	meliciu@yahoo.com
1007	Gerween	Boween	F	16-Nov-69	6587353626	puccy2@yahoo.com
1008	Rose	Warden	F	06-Sep-82	6597763532	rosie82@yahoo.com
1009	Hanks	Power	M	01-Dec-88	6285226818808	hpower@hotmail.com
1010	Jin	Kazama	M	07-Jul-77	6597732526	jkzm@gmail.com
1011	Anna	Williams	F	10-Aug-70	6586327134	williams@hotmail.com
1012	Jackie	Chung	M	11-Jun-85	6587888234	jackcng@yahoo.com
1013	Mae	Queen	F	29-Nov-79	6285225656888	queen79@hotmail.com
1014	John	Bartel	M	18-May-90	6595738292	bart90@hotmail.com
1015	Sarah	Swan	F	17-Oct-67	6588234622	swan17@yahoo.com
1016	Michael	Carnoll	M	31-Mar-88	6599236272	carn_88@yahoo.com
1017	Mick	Connor	M	14-Apr-80	6597321734	mickey@hotmail.com
1018	Link	Gann	M	02-Sep-75	6592719349	zelda@hotmail.com
1019	Tirza	Eclia	F	22-Aug-00	6593726622	eclips@yahoo.com
1020	Windy	Zard	F	30-Dec-79	6597777223	zardia@gmail.com

We can see that the Member Table has MemberID column, this is the table’s primary key. The MemberID column contains a unique value for each library’s member, so it makes sure that there are no duplicate rows in this table.

Now look at a part from Borrow Table below:

Borrow
BorrowID	MemberID	BookID	BorrowDate	ReturnDate
B0001	1003	B0004	04-Jan-07	06-Feb-07
B0002	1003	B0007	07-Jan-07	07-Feb-07
B0003	1002	B0006	30-Jan-07	05-Feb-07
B0004	1001	B0040	14-Feb-07	20-Mar-07
B0005	1005	B0038	27-Feb-07	25-Mar-07
B0006	1008	B0036	18-Mar-07	01-Aug-07
B0007	1018	B0020	25-Mar-07	15-Apr-07
B0008	1005	B0012	01-Apr-07	29-Apr-07
B0009	1005	B0011	28-Apr-07	21-Jun-07

We can see that the Borrow Table also has the MemberID column, but in the Borrow Table, the MemberID column is not the primary key of the table as we can see that there are duplicate values in the MemberID column here. But, the value of MemberID column in the Borrow Table refers to the available value in MemberID column in the Member Table. So now we know that the Borrow Table has a relation with the Member Table by the mean of MemberID column that act as the primary key in the Member Table and as foreign key in the Borrow Table.

Another important thing about primary key is that we need to be careful in deciding which column will be the table’s primary key when we make a table. We have to make sure that the column we choose for the table’s primary key is unique. Some data shouldn’t be a primary key because they are not completely unique. For example, if we use the library member’s first name as the primary key for Member Table, there is always a possibility where the library will has two or more members with same first name, so this column shouldn’t be the table’s primary key.

Because there are many possibility that two or more person got a same particular data, there is a better way to make a primary key for a table, that is make use of a column that specially designed to make a unique value for the table’s rows. For example, in the Member Table, the MemberID doesn’t contain data that is natural information about a member, but this column is specially designed to assign a unique identifier for each member.

When we make a primary key column, we have some choice for data type of the column. We can choose a text or a number data type and write the primary key value manually every time we add a new record, or we can use the AutoNumber data type in Ms. Access 2003 so the software automatically assign a unique number for each record in the table.

If we choose the AutoNumber data type for our table’s primary key, we will have two options for the field size, long integer, or replication ID. The replication ID will assign a unique number in 16 bytes long format, while long integer will assign number in 4 bytes long. Although the replication ID option will give us a GUID or Globally Unique Identifier, but it’s better for us to choose the long integer. Because the replication ID will produce ID like {7EBE97A7-FFE1-481D-8ACD-F48CFD8CF918} or {8881E2DC-9121-4484-AB4E-66782E516664}, these ID will be greatly unique for primary key column, but it’s hard for us, humans, to distinct this kind of ID. If we use the long integer, it will produce normal number like 1 or 20 that is much easier for the user to understand. Beside that, the 4 bytes long, long integer will be processed faster by the computer rather than the 16 bytes long replication ID. (Databasedev.co.uk)

G. Composite Primary Keys

In case that we don’t make a column specially designed to contain a unique ID for each row in a table, we will use the object’s natural information. For example, for human object, we may use their first name, last name, birth date, phone number, etc. But as we know that two or more person possibly have same first name or same date of birth, so we can’t rely on one column that contain this data to be the primary key of the table that contain a unique data for the table’s rows. The solution of this problem is to use a Composite Primary Keys. With composite primary keys, we can use combination of columns rather than just one column as our table’s primary key. For example, we may want to uniquely identify each library’s member by their first name and birth date, so we will make a composite primary key using the FirstName column, and DateOfBirth column as the composite primary key that uniquely identifies each row in the Member Table.

H. Foreign Keys

Foreign key is a column in a table that matches with primary key column in another table. For example, look at the sample below:

Book Info
TitleID	Title	Author	Publisher	PubYear	Edition	Pages	GenreID
BG001	Goldwyn: A Biography	A. Scott Berg	Riverhead Trade	1998	1	592	BGRP
BG002	Sylvia Plath: A Biography	Linda Wagner-Martin	St. Martin’s Griffin	1988	1	304	BGRP
BS001	Marketing Research	David A. Aaker	John Wiley & Sons	2005	1	686	BSN
BS002	the e-business (r)evolution	Daniel Amor	Hewlett Packard co.	2002	2	864	BSN
BS003	E-Commerce	Kenneth C. Laudon	Addison Wesley Longman	2004	2	936	BSN
CD001	Wheels on the Bus	Jerry Smith	Grosset & Dunlap	1991	1	18	CHD
CD002	Duck’s Day Out	Jez Alborough	Collins	2004	1	32	CHD
CP001	Guide to Network Defense and Countermeasures	Greg Holden	Course Technology	2003	1	527	CMP
CP002	Macromedia Flash for Windows & Machintosh	Katherine Ulrich	Peachpit Press	2002	1	613	CMP
CP003	The Art of Programming	Steven C. Lawlor	PWS Publishing co.	1996	1	567	CMP
CP004	A Book on C	Al Kelley & Ira Pohl	Addison Wesley Longman	1998	4	726	CMP
DC001	World War II for Beginners	Erroll Selkirk	Writers & Readers Publishing	1991	1	176	DCM
DC002	The Irish Famine: A Documentary	Colm Toibin	Profile Books Limited	2005	2	224	DCM
FC001	Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows	J. K. Rowling	Arthur A. Levine Books	2007	1	784	FC
FC002	The Great Eagle Spirit	Hal Granum	PublishAmerica	2006	1	78	FC
FC003	One Nation Under Par	Mark Nemcek	Publish To Go LLC	2006	1	230	FC
FC004	Snow Dog	Jim Kjelgaard	Yearling	1983	1	176	FC

Genre
GenreID	GenreDesc
BGRP	Biography
BSN	Business
CHD	Childrens
CMP	Computing
DCM	Documentary
FC	Fiction
HST	History
PSY	Physicology
	Science Fiction

The sample shows a part of the Book info Table and Genre Table. We can see there that the Book Info Table has GenreID column that is a foreign key, because it match with the GenreID column in the Genre Table that act as the Genre Table’s primary key.

As we can see in the sample above, the existence of foreign key and primary key can form a logical relationship between two tables. The value in the foreign key column in a table must match with the available value of the primary key value in the other table where the foreign key refers to. Like in the example, if the Genre Table just has 9 kind of genre ID (BGRP, BSN, CHD, CMP, DCM, FC, HST, PSY, and SF), the GenreID column in the Book Info will just have that 9 kind of genre ID. Additionally, if primary key column can’t contain a duplicate data or null, a foreign key column can contain a null or duplicate data. Because the data in the foreign key column is not used as a unique identifier for the table’s rows, so it can contain duplicate data.

The relationship between primary key and foreign key often described as one to many relationships, which mean type once (in primary key) refer to many (in foreign key). Like in the example of Genre Table and Book Info Table above, we just need to type once for each kind of genre in the Genre Table, but it can be used for reference for many rows in the Book Info Table’s GenreID column.

The above picture shows us how one (1) to many (∞) relationship between the table will be displayed in Ms. Access 2003’s Table Relationships. The number 1 is written next to the table’s primary key column name, and then the infinity symbol is placed next to the foreign key column name that matches with the name of primary key column on the other end of the relationship’s line.

REFERENCES

Books Information for the Book Info Table in the Library database is retrieved on September 20, 2007, from http://www.amazon.com

Cheeseman, Aaron, 2001, AWD San Francisco database integration: What is a Database, anyway?, retrieved on September 18, 2007, from http://www.awdsf.com/courseware/database/database_explained.htm

Cl500.net, Basic Database Tutorial: Database-Advantages & Disadvantages, retrieved on September 15, 2007, from http://www.cl500.net/pros_cons.html

Databasedev.co.uk, Defining an Attribute Makeup, retrieved on September 18, 2007, from http://www.databasedev.co.uk/decomposing_attributes.html

Databasedev.co.uk, Relational Database Design-Primary Keys, retrieved on September 22, 2007, from http://www.databasedev.co.uk/primary_keys.html

Informatics Study Guide, 2006, C1025 Structured Query Language (Access 2003), Informatics Campus: Singapore.

SearchSQLServer.com Definitions, 2006, Relational Database, retrieved on September 21, 2007, from http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid87_gci212885,00.html Free Web Hosting

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C1025 SQL Term 3 2007 Assignment - part 2

January 26th, 2009

12 comments

II. Explanation on Database Terminologies

A. Database

Database is a set of related data organized in a manner that allow use, retrieval, access, and maintenance of the data. So, every table that contains the data in the database is related to the other table in the database, at least to one other table. There is no fully standalone table, if so, that table is actually not the part of the database, or actually we don’t need to store that table at all. For example, In Library.mdb all the tables there are related with the other table in order to store the information needed by the library. If I add a table that contain data about the kind of pet food in that database, this table’s data will not relevant and not related to any other table in the database, so I don’t have to store it there, because a database will only store data that are related with each other. Another example, a shop database may have data about the shop’s staff, the shop’s goods, and the goods’ supplier.

With the DBMS (Database Management System), software that allow a user manage a database, we can retrieve, use, edit, add, delete, create form, or make a report referring to the data in the database. For example, I can use the Library database that I have created to retrieve information about a library member, what book he borrow and when he borrow that book, and what’s the detail information about that book, or I can make a report about how many member borrow a book in a certain month, how many book borrowed in a month, and much more.

Ø Advantages and Disadvantages of Database

The use of database to store data will give us some advantages, they are:

a) Data Independence

The data in database is independent, the change or modification in the system or applications that use its data will not affect the data in the database. This mean low system or program maintenance.

b) Data consistency

There is no risk that a data is updated in one system and not in another system. Because the data is independent, so when an application make an update to the data in the database, the other application will see the same updated data because these applications refer to the same independent Database. This means that with the use of database to store data, we will get data consistency.

c) Controlled Redundancy

More advantage on using database is that we can avoid making unnecessary duplicate data. If we not using a database, each application that we use must have its own data files, and some application may have a set of the same data files. In a small number of applications, maybe this issue is not a big problem, but if we have a lot of applications with data files for each application, there will be so much space wasted to store copies of same data, and updating them will consume so much time. But thanks to the database, that we don’t have to get this problem.

d) Data Integrity

Using the DBMS, user can specify constraints on data, like determining that an entry to certain field is essential, the field can’t be empty, the field can contain duplicate data or not, etc. These give the user ability to keep the integrity of the data in the database.

e) Data Security

Because the database is stored in one place, so it is easier for the database administrator to control the right of the database user on how far the user may look or update the data in the database. Some users may be granted access to the entire database, while other users just can access a part of the database. For example, in the Library database (Library.mdb) the database administrator may grant the library member a right to access the data about the books but not the data about the other library member, while the librarian can have a full access to all the data in the library’s database and the administrator can give special password to access the database to ensure only authorized person can access the database. These mean that we can ensure the data security in a database.

Beside the advantages of database, according to cl500.net, there are some disadvantages of using database.

The disadvantages of using database are:

a) Complexity of database design

Designing a database is a bit complex because the database designer has to specify each field, table, form, and the other database element carefully to make sure that the database will be reliable and easy to use. In another words, we need a well trained and experienced person to do the complex and time consuming database designing process.

b) Expensive starting cost

To start using a database in an office or enterprise, we will need an expensive cost to provide the hardware (e.g. database server) and the software or the DBMS (e.g. Microsoft Access), where we need to buy an expensive license for the software.

c) High dependency on the database

Because all the critical data and important information is stored in one place, the database, so there is a high dependency on the database. Worse situation may take place if there is a serious damage or failure on the database, this situation will affect all applications and activities that depends on the database, make them failed to do their function too.

d) The need of trained user and administrator

In using the database, we will need a trained database administrator to maintain the database and trained user who understand at least how to operate the database, how to view the data that he/she need, and how to update certain data. In some case, an office or enterprise may need to hold training for its staffs to give them skills in using the database, that mean more expenses.

B. Tables

Member
MemberID	FirstName	LastName	Gender	DateOfBirth	Phone	e-mail
1001	Ryu	Ben	M	10-Mar-84	6597740710	ryub@hotmail.com
1002	Lou	Gandalf	M	12-May-81	6597720520	gadalou@yahoo.com
1003	Tana	Armstrong	F	05-Dec-83	6281325590188	cutie@yahoo.com
1004	Anthony	Bardack	M	09-Aug-74	6587409230	bardo98@gmail.com
1005	Richard	Leonheart	M	05-May-70	6596836283	leon@yahoo.com
1006	Melissa	Ciu	F	01-Oct-80	6583729238	meliciu@yahoo.com
1007	Gerween	Boween	F	16-Nov-69	6587353626	puccy2@yahoo.com
1008	Rose	Warden	F	06-Sep-82	6597763532	rosie82@yahoo.com
1009	Hanks	Power	M	01-Dec-88	6285226818808	hpower@hotmail.com
1010	Jin	Kazama	M	07-Jul-77	6597732526	jkzm@gmail.com
1011	Anna	Williams	F	10-Aug-70	6586327134	williams@hotmail.com
1012	Jackie	Chung	M	11-Jun-85	6587888234	jackcng@yahoo.com
1013	Mae	Queen	F	29-Nov-79	6285225656888	queen79@hotmail.com
1014	John	Bartel	M	18-May-90	6595738292	bart90@hotmail.com
1015	Sarah	Swan	F	17-Oct-67	6588234622	swan17@yahoo.com
1016	Michael	Carnoll	M	31-Mar-88	6599236272	carn_88@yahoo.com
1017	Mick	Connor	M	14-Apr-80	6597321734	mickey@hotmail.com
1018	Link	Gann	M	02-Sep-75	6592719349	zelda@hotmail.com
1019	Tirza	Eclia	F	22-Aug-00	6593726622	eclips@yahoo.com
1020	Windy	Zard	F	30-Dec-79	6597777223	zardia@gmail.com

A relational database system has an object called table, it could has one or multiple tables. The table is used by the database to store the data. A table consists of several parts; they are the table name, columns, rows, and cells.

The example above shows the Member Table from Library.mdb. We can see that the Member Table has its name written on top of the table, that part is what we call the table name.

Beside the table name, Member Table also has some columns, and each column has its own name, there are MemberID, FirstName, LastName, Gender, DateOfBirth, Phone and e-mail column. Thus, we can set a certain data type for each column, which is just one data type for each column; additionally we can also set any other attributes for the column. For example, the DateOfBirth column has “Date/Time” as its data type, and the data format is medium date (dd-mmm-yy), so we can see that every data entered in this column should be a data about date and showed in medium date format. If we enter another data like numbers in this column, there will be an error because the data input is not match with the data type specified for the column.

Another part of a table is the table row. The row store the data for the column according to each column’s data type, and it form a record for a particular object. For example, in the Member Table showed above, a row formed the record for a library’s member, like the member with ID 1001 has his first name is Ryu, his last name is Ben, his gender is male (M), he was born at 10^th March 1984, his phone number is 6597740710, and his e-mail address is ryub@hotmail.com.

The last part of a table is the cell. A cell is formed from column and row, the intersection between two vertical lines from a column and two horizontal lines from a row formed a space called a cell. While a row make a record for a particular object from several data, a cell just stores a single data (one value) where the data type depends on the data type of the column where the cell is placed.

That is all about the parts of a table. Another issue about database table according to Cheeseman (2001) is although a table used by a database to store data, each table should just deals with one sort of item, and we should store different kinds of items in different table. For example, in the Member Table we just store the data about certain item, which in this case is library’s member. We not store the data about what book borrowed by a member in this database, we store that data in another table. For the book’s data, we store it in Book Table, detail data for each book title in the library is stored in the Book Info Table, the list of available book genre in the library is stored in the Genre Table, and data for each book borrowing event is stored in the Borrow Table. So we have different table for different set of item.

For example, look at the Book Info table and Book Table below:

Book Info
TitleID	Title	Author	Publisher	PubYear	Edition	Pages	GenreID
BG001	Goldwyn: A Biography	A. Scott Berg	Riverhead Trade	1998	1	592	BGRP
BG002	Sylvia Plath: A Biography	Linda Wagner-Martin	St. Martin’s Griffin	1988	1	304	BGRP
BS001	Marketing Research	David A. Aaker	John Wiley & Sons	2005	1	686	BSN
BS002	the e-business (r)evolution	Daniel Amor	Hewlett Packard co.	2002	2	864	BSN
BS003	E-Commerce	Kenneth C. Laudon	Addison Wesley Longman	2004	2	936	BSN
CD001	Wheels on the Bus	Jerry Smith	Grosset & Dunlap	1991	1	18	CHD
CD002	Duck’s Day Out	Jez Alborough	Collins	2004	1	32	CHD
CP001	Guide to Network Defense and Countermeasures	Greg Holden	Course Technology	2003	1	527	CMP
CP002	Macromedia Flash for Windows & Machintosh	Katherine Ulrich	Peachpit Press	2002	1	613	CMP
CP003	The Art of Programming	Steven C. Lawlor	PWS Publishing co.	1996	1	567	CMP
CP004	A Book on C	Al Kelley & Ira Pohl	Addison Wesley Longman	1998	4	726	CMP
DC001	World War II for Beginners	Erroll Selkirk	Writers & Readers Publishing	1991	1	176	DCM
DC002	The Irish Famine: A Documentary	Colm Toibin	Profile Books Limited	2005	2	224	DCM
FC001	Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows	J. K. Rowling	Arthur A. Levine Books	2007	1	784	FC
FC002	The Great Eagle Spirit	Hal Granum	PublishAmerica	2006	1	78	FC
FC003	One Nation Under Par	Mark Nemcek	Publish To Go LLC	2006	1	230	FC
FC004	Snow Dog	Jim Kjelgaard	Yearling	1983	1	176	FC
HS001	The Complete Book of World History	School Specialty Publishing	American Education Publishing	2001	1	288	HST
HS002	The Complete Book of U.S. History	School Specialty Publishing	American Education Publishing	2001	1	352	HST
HS003	Source Book of Medical History	Logan Clendening	Dover Publications	1960	1	685	HST
PS001	Your Ten- to Fourteen-Year-Old	Louise Bates Ames	Dell	1989	1	368	PSY
PS002	The Evolution of Love	Ada Lampert	Praeger Publishers	1997	1	144	PSY
PS003	Chicken Soup for the Soul: Living Your Dreams	Jack Canfield	HCI	2003	10	384	PSY
SF001	Gray/Guardians	Kathy Porter	BookSurge Publishing	2007	1	368	SF
SF002	The Other Side of Yore	J. Lyon Laiden	Booklocker, Inc.	2007	1	156	SF
SF003	The Time Travelers Academy	Reginald Williams	Lulu.com	2006	1	228	SF

Book
BookID	TitleID	Reference
B0001	BG001	Yes
B0002	BG001	Yes
B0003	BG002	No
B0004	BG002	No
B0005	BS001	No
B0006	BS001	No
B0007	BS001	No
B0008	BS002	Yes
B0009	BS002	Yes
B0010	BS003	No
B0011	BS003	No
B0012	CD001	No
B0013	CD001	No
B0014	CD002	Yes
B0015	CD002	Yes
B0016	CP001	No
B0017	CP002	Yes
B0018	CP003	No
B0019	CP004	No
B0020	DC001	No
B0021	DC001	No
B0022	DC002	No
B0023	FC001	No
B0024	FC002	Yes
B0025	FC003	No

Above is Book Info Table, while on the left is a part from Book Table’s content. We need these two tables because there is a possibility where the library has some book with the same title. Look At the highlighted rows in the Book Table on the left, it shows that the library has three books with the same title ID (BS001). The Book Table just store the book’s title ID, while the title name and the other detail information of the book itself is stored in the Book Info Table.

If we don’t use the Book Info table to store the detail information for every book title, we will need to write each book’s detail information such as its author, publisher, publication year, etc. every time we enter a book record even the books has the same title, so if the library has three books with same title, we will need to write each book’s detail information for three times, and this is a waste of time and storage space. But if we use a separate table to store the detail information about each book’s title, we won’t need to do that. We just need to write the book’s title ID in Book Table, and when we need to see the book’s detail information, we can look for it in the Book Info Table according to the book’s title ID written in the Book Table, this will save our time and storage space because we don’t need to store unimportant duplicates of the same data. That’s why using table to store just one sort of item is important in the database system.

C. Attributes

In relational database system we can alternatively call a column as an attribute. An attribute holds one type of data for all the rows fall below this attribute/column. There are some points that we need to remember when creating attribute/column:

1. Attribute/column name: An attribute should have a name that represents what kind of data inside of it. For example, in the Member Table, the DateOfBirth column contain data about the member’s date of birth, the FirstName column contain the data about the member’s first name, and so on. By giving the proper name for each attribute/column that represents the data inside the attribute, it will increase the readability of the data in the database.

2. Attribute’s data type: An attribute shouldn’t have one type of data in one row and another type of data in the other row because each attribute just have one type of data for all the rows inside it. Therefore, it is also important to choose the right data type for an attribute/column. After choosing the most appropriate data type for a column, we can also set some parameters in the column’s properties like the field size for text data type or the display format for Date/Time data type.

3. Column/attribute’s order: Column/attribute’s order is not significant. For example we can place the FirstName column after the LastName column and vice versa. We just specify the attribute’s order to increase the readability of the data, like placing the column about name before the column about date of birth, etc.

4. Key value or non-key value: An attribute/column can contain a key value that store unique data for a table. There are two kind of key value, primary key and foreign key. If an attribute become the primary key of a table, it will contain data that uniquely define each record in the table. For example, the MemberID column in the Member Table is a primary key, it contain numbers that uniquely represent each member’s record. If an attribute is foreign key, it logically defines how the table is related with another table. But, if an attribute not contain a key value, it will contain one kind of data in the table.

5. Decomposing attribute: Decomposing attribute means that we need to store different data in separate attributes to ensure the data integrity and increase the database performance. For example, in the Member Table, we store the member’s first name, last name, and date of birth in three different attribute rather than store the three different data in one column. If we store those data in one column, they will have same data type, but if we decompose the attribute into three attribute, we can assign different methods to ensure data integrity for each attribute, like we can choose text data type for the first name and last name attribute, and we choose Date/Time for the data type of date of birth attribute. By doing this, we can also increase the database performance in data retrieval because it is easier when we use the SQL command to see just the first name of the patient or just his/her date of birth. (databasedev.co.uk)

admin Education, IDIC, Informatics C1025, database, sql, table, tuple

C1025 SQL Term 3 2007 Assignment - part 1

January 26th, 2009

66 comments

Hi! I want to share another assignment that I get during my International Diploma in Computing course from Informatics Computer School Singapore. This assignment is from C1025 Structured Query Language Module.. The main objective is that we have to make a Library database and then use that database as a reference to explain common terms in Relational Database System.

The Question:
Write detail notes to explain the following terminologies.
(a)    Database            [15]
(b)    Tables                [20]
(c)    Attributes            [10]
(d)    Tuples                [15]
(e)    Relational Database        [15]
(f)    Primary Keys            [10]
(g)    Composite Primary Key    [5]
(h)    Foreign Keys            [10]

Requirements for this paper are as follow:
•    Design and draw a database of 3 to 5 tables, to be used to explain the above terminologies. These tables must be realistic and related to indicate your understanding of RDB.
•    Your mock LIBRARY database must show the fields with realistic data.
•    You must display your in-depth understanding of the terminologies by their characteristic, purpose, advantage and disadvantages of their use (if any).
•    Use the mark allocation to serve as a guide for the volume and quality of your answer

My Answer:

My Library Database Introduction

In this part, I will show the screenshots from the database that I make for this assignment. The database name is Library.mdb. It was made using Microsoft Access 2003. The function of this database is to manage data for a library. This database contains the data needed by a library. So this database has some tables related to its function, there are Member Table that contain the library’s member data, Book Table that contain the ID for each book in the library and its status as a reference book or not, Book Info Table that contain the data about each book title in the library including its bibliography, Genre Table that contain the data about the kind of book genre available in the library, and Borrow Table that contain information about every book borrowing activity done by the library’s members.

The screenshots here will show each table with its design view and the relation between the tables.

List of tables

Book
Book Info
Borrow
Genre
Member

a) Member table

i. Design View

The screenshot shows the design view of Member Table. It has seven fields:

1. MemberID : Store the member’s ID; this is the primary key of the table that uniquely identifies each member. The data type is text, field size is 6.

2. FirstName : Member’s first name, data type is text, field size is 50.

3. LastName : Member’s last name, data type is text, field size is 50.

4. Gender : Member’s gender, with lookup value M (male) or F (female).

5. DateOfBirth: Member’s date of birth. The data type is Date/Time, with medium date format (dd-mmm-yy).

6. Phone: Member’s phone number. Data type is text, field size is 20.

7. e-mail: Member’s e-mail address. Data type is text, field size is 50.

ii. Content

Member
MemberID	FirstName	LastName	Gender	DateOfBirth	Phone	e-mail
1001	Ryu	Ben	M	10-Mar-84	6597740710	ryub@hotmail.com
1002	Lou	Gandalf	M	12-May-81	6597720520	gadalou@yahoo.com
1003	Tana	Armstrong	F	05-Dec-83	6281325590188	cutie@yahoo.com
1004	Anthony	Bardack	M	09-Aug-74	6587409230	bardo98@gmail.com
1005	Richard	Leonheart	M	05-May-70	6596836283	leon@yahoo.com
1006	Melissa	Ciu	F	01-Oct-80	6583729238	meliciu@yahoo.com
1007	Gerween	Boween	F	16-Nov-69	6587353626	puccy2@yahoo.com
1008	Rose	Warden	F	06-Sep-82	6597763532	rosie82@yahoo.com
1009	Hanks	Power	M	01-Dec-88	6285226818808	hpower@hotmail.com
1010	Jin	Kazama	M	07-Jul-77	6597732526	jkzm@gmail.com
1011	Anna	Williams	F	10-Aug-70	6586327134	williams@hotmail.com
1012	Jackie	Chung	M	11-Jun-85	6587888234	jackcng@yahoo.com
1013	Mae	Queen	F	29-Nov-79	6285225656888	queen79@hotmail.com
1014	John	Bartel	M	18-May-90	6595738292	bart90@hotmail.com
1015	Sarah	Swan	F	17-Oct-67	6588234622	swan17@yahoo.com
1016	Michael	Carnoll	M	31-Mar-88	6599236272	carn_88@yahoo.com
1017	Mick	Connor	M	14-Apr-80	6597321734	mickey@hotmail.com
1018	Link	Gann	M	02-Sep-75	6592719349	zelda@hotmail.com
1019	Tirza	Eclia	F	22-Aug-00	6593726622	eclips@yahoo.com
1020	Windy	Zard	F	30-Dec-79	6597777223	zardia@gmail.com

This screenshot shows the content of Member Table.

b) Book Table

i. Design View

This is the screenshot of Book Table’s design view. This table has some fields:

1. BookID : Unique ID for each book. We need this field because a library can has some books with the same title, but each book need its own ID. This field is the table’s primary key. The data type is text and the field size is 5.

2. TitleID : The book’s title ID, refer to the available titleID in the Book Info Table.

3. Reference : Contain data about whether a book is a reference book that can’t be checked out from the library or not. The data type is yes/no with display control as a checkbox.

The screenshot above shows the content of Book Table.

Book

BookID

TitleID

Reference

B0001 BG001
Yes

B0002 BG001
Yes

B0003 BG002
No

B0004 BG002
No

B0005 BS001
No

B0006 BS001
No

B0007 BS001
No

B0008 BS002
Yes

B0009 BS002
Yes

B0010 BS003
No

B0011 BS003
No

B0012 CD001
No

B0013 CD001
No

B0014 CD002
Yes

B0015 CD002
Yes

B0016 CP001
No

B0017 CP002
Yes

B0018 CP003
No

B0019 CP004
No

B0020 DC001
No

B0021 DC001
No

B0022 DC002
No

B0023 FC001
No

B0024 FC002
Yes

B0025 FC003
No

B0026 FC004
No

B0027 HS001
No

B0028 HS002
Yes

B0029 HS003
No

B0030 PS001
Yes

B0031 SF002
No

B0032 PS003
No

B0033 PS002
No

B0034 SF001
Yes

B0035 SF003
No

B0036 BS001
No

B0037 CP001
No

B0038 CD001
No

B0039 DC002
Yes

B0040 PS003
No

Book
B0001	BG001	Yes
B0002	BG001	Yes
B0003	BG002	No
B0004	BG002	No
B0005	BS001	No
B0006	BS001	No
B0007	BS001	No
B0008	BS002	Yes
B0009	BS002	Yes
B0010	BS003	No
B0011	BS003	No
B0012	CD001	No
B0013	CD001	No
B0014	CD002	Yes
B0015	CD002	Yes
B0016	CP001	No
B0017	CP002	Yes
B0018	CP003	No
B0019	CP004	No
B0020	DC001	No
B0021	DC001	No
B0022	DC002	No
B0023	FC001	No
B0024	FC002	Yes
B0025	FC003	No
B0026	FC004	No
B0027	HS001	No
B0028	HS002	Yes
B0029	HS003	No
B0030	PS001	Yes
B0031	SF002	No
B0032	PS003	No
B0033	PS002	No
B0034	SF001	Yes
B0035	SF003	No
B0036	BS001	No
B0037	CP001	No
B0038	CD001	No
B0039	DC002	Yes
B0040	PS003	No

We can see here that the library has some books with same title, but with this table, each book has its own unique ID even if their title is the same.

c) Book Info Table

i. Design view

Image above is the screenshot of Book Info Table’s design view. This table contains the detail data about each book title available in the library. The fields are:

1. TitleID: Uniquely define a book title. This is the table’s primary key. The data type is text, the field size is 5.

2. Title: The book title. Data type is text, field size is 50.

3. Author: The book’s author. Data type is text, field size is 50

4. Publisher: The publisher of the book. Data type is text, field size is 50.

5. PubYear: The book’s publication year. Data type is number.

6. Edition: The book’s edition. Data type is number.

7. Pages: The number of pages in the book. Data type is number.

8. GenreID: The book’s genre ID, data type is text with lookup value refer to the available genre ID on the Genre Table.

ii. Content

Book Info

TitleID

Title

Author

Publisher

PubYear

Edition

Pages

GenreID

BG001 Goldwyn: A Biography A. Scott Berg Riverhead Trade
1998

1

592
BGRP

BG002 Sylvia Plath: A Biography Linda Wagner-Martin St. Martin’s Griffin
1988

1

304
BGRP

BS001 Marketing Research David A. Aaker John Wiley & Sons
2005

1

686
BSN

BS002 the e-business (r)evolution Daniel Amor Hewlett Packard co.
2002

2

864
BSN

BS003 E-Commerce Kenneth C. Laudon Addison Wesley Longman
2004

2

936
BSN

CD001 Wheels on the Bus Jerry Smith Grosset & Dunlap
1991

1

18
CHD

CD002 Duck’s Day Out Jez Alborough Collins
2004

1

32
CHD

CP001 Guide to Network Defense and Countermeasures Greg Holden Course Technology
2003

1

527
CMP

CP002 Macromedia Flash for Windows & Machintosh Katherine Ulrich Peachpit Press
2002

1

613
CMP

CP003 The Art of Programming Steven C. Lawlor PWS Publishing co.
1996

1

567
CMP

CP004 A Book on C Al Kelley & Ira Pohl Addison Wesley Longman
1998

4

726
CMP

DC001 World War II for Beginners Erroll Selkirk Writers & Readers Publishing
1991

1

176
DCM

DC002 The Irish Famine: A Documentary Colm Toibin Profile Books Limited
2005

2

224
DCM

FC001 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows J. K. Rowling Arthur A. Levine Books
2007

1

784
FC

FC002 The Great Eagle Spirit Hal Granum PublishAmerica
2006

1

78
FC

FC003 One Nation Under Par Mark Nemcek Publish To Go LLC
2006

1

230
FC

FC004 Snow Dog Jim Kjelgaard Yearling
1983

1

176
FC

HS001 The Complete Book of World History School Specialty Publishing American Education Publishing
2001

1

288
HST

HS002 The Complete Book of U.S. History School Specialty Publishing American Education Publishing
2001

1

352
HST

HS003 Source Book of Medical History Logan Clendening Dover Publications
1960

1

685
HST

PS001 Your Ten- to Fourteen-Year-Old Louise Bates Ames Dell
1989

1

368
PSY

PS002 The Evolution of Love Ada Lampert Praeger Publishers
1997

1

144
PSY

PS003 Chicken Soup for the Soul: Living Your Dreams Jack Canfield HCI
2003

10

384
PSY

SF001 Gray/Guardians Kathy Porter BookSurge Publishing
2007

1

368
SF

SF002 The Other Side of Yore J. Lyon Laiden Booklocker, Inc.
2007

1

156
SF

SF003 The Time Travelers Academy Reginald Williams Lulu.com
2006

1

228
SF

The screenshot shows the content of Book Info Table.

d) Genre Table

i. Design view

This is the screenshot of the Genre Table. The fields are:

1. GenreID : Uniquely define each kind of genre. This is the table’s primary key. Data type is text, and field size is 5.

2. GenreDesc: Description of each genre ID. Data type is text, and field size is 50.

ii. Content

Genre

GenreID

GenreDesc

BGRP Biography

BSN Business

CHD Childrens

CMP Computing

DCM Documentary

FC Fiction

HST History

PSY Physicology

SF Science Fiction

This is the screenshot of the Genre Table’s content.

e) Borrow Table

i. Design view

The Borrow Table has some fields, they are:

1. BorrowID: Uniquely define a borrowing event. This is the primary key of the table. The data type is text, field size is 5.

2. MemberID: Store the data about the ID of the member who borrow the book. The data type is text with lookup value to the available MemberID in the Member Table.

3. BookID: Store the data about the ID of the borrowed book. The data type is text with lookup value to the available BookID in the Book Table.

4. BorrowDate: Store the data about when the book is borrowed. The data type is Date/Time with medium date format (dd-mmm-yyyy).

5. ReturnDate: Store the data about when is the date of the borrowed book returned. The data type is Date/Time, with medium date format (dd-mmm-yy).

ii. Content

Borrow
BorrowID	MemberID	BookID	BorrowDate	ReturnDate
B0001	1003	B0004	04-Jan-07	06-Feb-07
B0002	1003	B0007	07-Jan-07	07-Feb-07
B0003	1002	B0006	30-Jan-07	05-Feb-07
B0004	1001	B0040	14-Feb-07	20-Mar-07
B0005	1005	B0038	27-Feb-07	25-Mar-07
B0006	1008	B0036	18-Mar-07	01-Aug-07
B0007	1018	B0020	25-Mar-07	15-Apr-07
B0008	1005	B0012	01-Apr-07	29-Apr-07
B0009	1005	B0011	28-Apr-07	21-Jun-07
B0010	1003	B0010	29-Apr-07	19-May-07
B0011	1018	B0004	03-May-07	21-Jun-07
B0012	1004	B0006	17-May-07	03-Jul-07
B0013	1010	B0026	30-May-07	30-Jul-07
B0014	1013	B0025	20-Jun-07	19-Jun-07
B0015	1011	B0027	24-Jun-07	01-Jun-07
B0016	1012	B0037	19-Jul-07	20-Jul-07
B0017	1015	B0035	26-Jul-07	06-Dec-07
B0018	1007	B0038	31-Jul-07	03-Aug-07
B0019	1017	B0036	31-Aug-07	15-Sep-07
B0020	1016	B0040	01-Sep-07	05-Oct-07
B0021	1016	B0007	24-Sep-07	25-Sep-07
B0022	1020	B0012	17-Oct-07	19-Oct-07

This screenshot shows the content of the Borrow Table.

f) Table Relationships

The above screenshot shows the relationship between the tables in the database. We can see that each table has a relation with another table by the mean of the table’s primary key and foreign key. The term primary key and foreign key will be explained in the second part of this assignment.

This is the end of the first part of this assignment. In this part I have explained about the Library.mdb which is the database I make for this assignment. I have given the database’s screenshots and explanation for every screenshot. Later in the second part of this assigment, I will use this database to help me to answer the assignment’s questions that ask me to explain some database terminologies.

admin Education, IDIC, Informatics C1025, database, library database, sql, table, tuple

Call Of Duty World At War - Zombies Mode

January 25th, 2009

6 comments

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Hi! Have you tried Call of Duty World at War?

This is the successor of the worldwide success Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare. Well this COD WW isn’t as phenomenal as the 4, but it does offer some new and different things. The best feature is the coop mode and the zombies mode! :D

: Play with the legless zombie :P

: ownagelvl23

: zombie-round-22

Well I see this is the trend of the new games out there, be able to play together with your friend as one team is just fun!
I don’t really play the multi-player part of COD WW, but I do play the zombie mode with my friends.. So lets have some talks about some tips on how to play it.

Pre - Game :

1. Invite your friends to join you.
Yes, invite them! This game mode allows up to 4 players to play together as a group of unfortunate soldiers surrounded by millions of zombies! :p
The key is, the more player the better your gaming experience will be!

2. Get your microphone ready!
Why do you need this!? oh well let me tell you..because you play as a team! so communication is very important among your team members. Another benefit is that you gain advantage over your enemies (those walking corpses) as they cannot talk and coordinate their attack (but later their number will proof that coordination is no big deal for the undead hordes :p).
“Oh I got my keyboard to type chat, why I need the microphone?” Good Question! Yes you can chat with your keyboard, but one thing that matter is the time. When the “non-stop” hordes of zombies start to attack your team, how fast can you type to tell your strategy to the other teammates? those running zombies will be faster than your fingers! So remember, safety first!

Early Rounds: Round 1 to 8

1. Take your time to aim
First few rounds in the game will be a bit relaxing, you should be able to handle those few zombies. So, don’t waste this period, take your time and aim well, try to get as many head-shots as you can since this will give you more money to buy a better weapon, sniper rifle is very suitable for this.

2. Open the “HELP!” Room
Around round 4, one of you should have 1000 points that is enough to open the door with the “HELP” written on it. Open this door and turn left to see the random box, opening this box will cost you 950 points and it will give you random weapon, ranging from weapon that will “shorten your life” to the deadly extraterrestrial weapon (ray gun).

3. Try to get a good weapon
The random box is your key to get what you need to survive at this moment, so whenever you have enough money just try to open it and hope that you get a nice zombie killing gun. The first priority is getting the ray gun, second is the machine guns (they loaded with a lot of bullets, you will need it later). Apart from these two, shotgun or magnum is also nice to have (but if you have magnum and ray gun you better replace the magnum with something else immediately as you will use the magnum instead of the ray gun when you are dying if you have those two guns).

4. Conserve some money
Get the best weapon is good but don’t forget to keep some money in your pocket for later use.

Late Game: (Round 9 to … (up to you) ) :p

1. Use the Help Room as your emergency base
There will be some point where you and your team will be overwhelmed by the zombies and those undead will start walk inside the room. When there are a lot of them breached inside, then its time for all of you to retreat to the small Help Room. Why this room? Because it just have 2 windows plus one wall = 3 ways where zombies can enter which is easier to handle than the first room that have 5 windows. have one or two friend to watch over those two windows and the wall, while the one with ray gun or machine gun just stand near the door to first room and shoot all the zombies that try to go inside the Help room.

2. Keep a good communication
This is where your microphone will start to play its important role, talk! yes talk! the formation that I explained before does not guarantee your life 100%. The Help room still can be breached either from the windows or from the wall. The most dangerous thing are the zombies that come in from the wall as these zombies can kill your friend who guard the door. So when this happen, use your microphone and alert him! save each other’s life by watching each other’s back.

3. Open the stair to second floor from the Help Room ONLY!
Ok, you cannot live in the help room for your entire life. now open the stairway to the second room from the help room and quickly go up, to the grenade selling point near the other staircase (don’t open this staircase).

4. Let the grenades do the zombie cleaning job!
The grenade selling point is like a dead end but it can be a good camping point for your team. Get one person stand in front of the grenade selling point and then have him start spamming grenade.Most of the zombies will enter through the door in front of your team, so throw the grenade there. Watch out as not all the zombies will die after the grenades blow, so the other team member must watch these zombies and have the gun ready to take them out. Be careful with the zombies entering from the window to the right as they wont take damage from the grenade, always ready to take them out!

5. If you are fast enough
If you feel that you can move fast enough, then try to make the above strategy easier, just run around in the area near the door where your teammate spam the grenades, this will make those zombies try to catch after you and stay inside the grenade area. It will also save the life of the other teammate as they can focus on guarding the right window.

Well, that’s all then the rest is trying to get your best score!!

Do you have questions or another tips and tricks that I missed there? Please write that in the comment.

Enjoy your game!

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